So what will happen? What should happen?
So what will happen? What should happen?
This is interesting. Less heat, more light.
I would hope that the club would send Colabello down once his suspension is finished. He's not likely to help them anyways at that point.
The fans' general opinion of ballplayers who take anabolic steroids is pretty clear. I see no particular need to try to use this as an opportunity to challenge those beliefs.
I agree with Craig about the probable (and best) outcome.
Curious as to why people are more forgiving of Cola that Stro? Is it that, thus far, Cola seems to be guilty of intentional PED use whereas people are willing to assume Stro made a mistake?
I think you intended it to say "less forgiving"
I think the largest part is the considerable difference in the drug, and to a lesser extent the response of the player.
Here is one manufacturer's description of Turinabol on its website. Under Doping Control it reads: (emphasis in original)
DOPING CONTROL
Compared to the majority of anabolic steroids, turinabol has one huge advantage – this compound is very hard to detect. It is made possible by the incredible speed of tbol’s excretion from the body, which, according to anecdotal evidence, takes just 5 days. This, and the fact that tbol was not screened for in 70’s and 80’s, allowed the German athletes to use this AAS without getting busted. For this reason, turinabol is a very convenient steroid for those athletes, who are subject to regular doping controls.
On the other hand, Stroman was caught with a nasal decongestant which is apparently also found in dietary supplements. Here is a description of that substance. Stroman and Josh Sale were suspended at the same time, and apparently minor league baseball suspended a whack of players for it in 2010. Although the drug can be a mild stimulant, I wonder if the reason that it is banned is that it's a diuretic, which can be part of a masking program.
Colabello had "no idea" how a very specific drug, which had become a go-to drug for cheats because it evaded detection, was found in his system, a claim for many that just repeated the stock lie. Moreover, the more we learn about Turinabol, the more ridiculous this claim seems. Stroman on the other hand didn't protest and said he made a mistake that wouldn't be repeated. It's why I said in my very first post on the subject that Colabello would have been much better served by telling the truth a la Andy Petitte, than by doubling down, a la Rogers Clemens.
Leaving other disagreements aside, he is not eligible for the playoff roster.
Partially it'll depend on how the clubhouse reacts to his situation too. So far so good for Cola on that front as everyone (publicly) is on his side as much as they can be. In 2017 he would be in the mix for DH/1B if EE and Bautista are both gone as a cheap option.
I did indeed, thanks for the catch. I hadn't realized that the suspension makes him ineligible for the playoffs, and I have to concur with the rest of you guys ... based on CBDC's details on the drug, this is a bad one to get caught with.
Still crossing my fingers that Cola comes out of this looking okay, but aside from the teammate support, it's a grim scenario for him.
Correct - it's clear the fans don't particularly care, certainly not as much as the media would lead you to believe. Melky was a beloved player here. Yankees fans love ARod these days. Giants fans never had a problem with Bonds. Red Sox fans aren't clamoring for the pennants tainted by Manny-Ortiz to be ripped down, and Dodgers fans partied in Mannywood.
Getting nailed for not providing a sample could be a technicality.
Being caught using a masking agent such as diuretics during the testing period could be a technicality.
None of that happened.
Maybe it's a reference to the Longitudinal Profile Program? If so, that's clearly a lack of comprehension from Pillar. That would be like saying that, technically, he only failed the test because he was subjected to it.
I can see a lot of technicality in the Reasonable Cause Testing, but it's already been established that he failed the routine test.
Can't think of anything.
It's interesting that you won't believe anything that the consumer of the PED has said, but you'll cheerfully believe anything that the manufacturer says. Have you considered that the sellers of most products routinely hype their products by making exaggerated claims about it? If the manufacturer says that Turinabol is "hard to detect", isn't it likely that the manufacturer is trying to hype it to sell it? We haven't "learned" anything about the situation if we are simply relying on the claims of the seller. If you are so adamantly opposed to "moral relativism" as you emphasized yesterday, it's odd that you would attack the alleged consumer as "a liar" but you would assume that the trafficker is a truth-teller.
"...This, and the fact that tbol was not screened for in 70’s and 80’s, allowed the German athletes to use this AAS without getting busted..."
This claim by the manufacturer is particularly amusing. If there was no screening for this drug in the 1970s and 1980s, that's certainly the entire reason why nobody got busted for it. It's not because it was "impossible to detect" or because it was "the go-to drug for cheaters" -- it's simply because nobody was screening for it. Even the manufacturer admits that the international community has known about this drug for 27 years.
In fact, contrary to the "impossible to detect" claim of the manufacturer, major national laboratories have actually been using new detection methods for Turinabol since 2013, and they found hundreds of new cases of positive results among track-and-field athletes in 2013 alone. Presumably it would have been easy for baseball to use the same methods. Here's the source on the detection methods that began in 2013:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/drugsinsport/10458454/IOC-to-act-after-new-testing-methods-reveal-hundreds-of-positive-results.html
And here's another report on the same detection method:
http://www.3wiresports.com/2014/03/20/echoes-east-germany/
So the theory that Colabello was suddenly caught by a brand-new testing method doesn't seem true. Those methods have been around for three years.
A track and field athlete would use this while training and stop using it a week before a competition to avoid detection. In baseball, the player competes every day and is tested randomly. The strategy would be different. Perhaps train with the drug during the off season, stop just before spring training to show up in camp in great shape. On average the athlete would be tested, let's say 3 times during the year, so only use the drug a couples of week here and there, maybe just after passing a test.
Colabello failed the scheduled spring training test. Clearly the test was better than he expected.
p.s. Mr CBDC. If Colabello is indeed innocent of intent or other means should he still say he's sorry he made a mistake and will never do it again to appease you or should he claim his innocence?
BTW, I doubt he is innocent of intent but I really don't know.
Also, I wasn't thinking of the fringy MLBer in my remark. I was thinking more of the stars of their respective sport,from Ben Johnson to Lance Armstrong to ball players like Rafael Palmeiro. In Ben Johnson's case, I wanted to believe him, that he was innocent and it was all a mistake. However, his eventual conviction and public shaming, plus subsequent cases where the same scenario is played out, has made me jaded. Just cut the crap and tell the truth. There's been a ton of words written on here about Chris Colabello but it boils down to this: in the unlikely event he's innocent, the similar statements of past cheats make him look guilty. If he's guilty, then he's trying to deceive the media, fans, and worst of all, his team mates. I don't think this reflects on the integrity of the game, but rather on the integrity of the person.
“It was either a miscalculation,’’ Conte said, “or a contamination.
“It’s a drug that no one being tested uses anymore, because it’s going to stay in your system for three months. Maybe even as long as six months.
So, the alternate theory to mere stupidity: There are so many amateur chemists these days, Conte says, that athletes are relying on individuals using the same glassware whether they’re mixing up designer testosterone or old-fashioned steroids.
“You have all of these clandestine labs now," Conte said. “So anybody taking these risks is really asking for a positive test. This isn’t getting something you’re buying from a GNC store; 80% of the stuff is coming from these underground labs. So they whip it up at home, use the same beakers and flasks, and sometimes don’t wash the glass well, and leave traces from the previous batch.
“We call it cross-contamination. Really, it’s just dirty glassware.’’
I must say that he looks quite nervous and rather unconvincing in the brief excerpt from the interview. He seems highly stressed. But that alone doesn't necessarily add to the evidence of his guilt or innocence. A lot of us would look nervous and stressed if our careers and public reputations would be suddenly crashing down around us.
And please note: in any of my posts on this subject over the past few days, I've never said anything about the "nice guy" or "good guy" argument. I agree with those who say that it's irrelevant. Nice guys can do PEDs too.
Like all the Russian athletes (Sharapova) recently caught .. the testing must change every now and then and some get caught for things they have done for awhile. Colabello was second for this substance in short period.
The Conte article raised more questions than it answered. If it is a issue of contamination in dubious labs with a very old steroid, why would we see more cases of it now than 5-10 years ago?
It's immaterial to the test on March 13, 2016. It's not immaterial to the question of whether he took PEDs last season or in prior seasons, which some of us have been debating.
"....If it is a issue of contamination in dubious labs with a very old steroid..."
It's an old steroid, but still widely used today. Check online -- there's tons of information about it still being widely sold and widely used by many people today. Not necessarily by MLB players, however. I assume it's widely used by bodybuilders and others who aren't routinely tested.
I expect rather than telling us he passed x number of tests, which like Rodriguez only tells us he wasn't caught, that Colabello will have some firm evidence to provide. Anyone advising him of any acceptable level of advocacy skill would advise him that he first needs to explain how he failed the T/E gateway test, which led to the further testing. As the useful Conte interview that Gerry linked to indicates, regular cheaters like Rodriguez would be able to space their consumption far enough away that they could get below the 4:1 test which just measures how much testosterone, natural and illegal, is in your system. If you're below 4:1, WADA doesn't test further. Most men have a ratio of 1:1. It can apparently vary by time of day and ethnicity though, to as low as .76 and as high as 1.31.
Some men however have a naturally occurring higher ratio that this. 5% of men have a ratio of 3.7:1 or more. WADA uses a level of 4:1 as its gateway test, which as Conte notes should be easy to get under for most cheaters who allow enough time to pass, let alone for honest men.
So let's hear what Colabello's normal T/E ratio is and let's here what the T/E ratio was on the test that he failed. An innocent man's first task is to explain how he failed the gateway test. Maybe Colabello is one of the small percentage of men who have a naturally occurring T/E ratio of more than 4:1. And let's hear what he scored. These are the first things that an innocent naan will be looking into. Is his natural occurring T/E ratio 4:1, and did he score 4.1:1? Or is his naturally occurring T/E ratio 1:1 and he scored 9:1?
It's odd that we haven't heard from Colabello on this yet. Plenty of time has passed since he was told on March 13 to obtain this information and get in out to the court of the public, where his case must be tried now that he's been so wrongly trapped by a 'technicality' by WADA and so wrongly denied on appeal by an MLBPA/MLB arbitrator. But no doubt these are things he'll be sure to reveal in his Sportsnet interview.
I'm being sarcastic of course. I suspect his interview will be Jamie Astaphan 2, with the stock denials, the tales of rigid adherence to the MLB/MLBPA drug policy, except having to answer soft questions from reporters. who don't want to be seen as being aggressive with him, asking him if this has been a stressful time. Would be nice to have Barbara Frum with us, or Katy Couric in her place, to do a real interview and ask some real questions.
You obviously haven't bothered to look at the excerpt from the interview, which has been circulating for hours. The question from the reporter was not a soft one at all. It was a tough question, and it's exactly the same as what all the critics have been saying. The question, paraphrased, was this: "Colabello, you seem to be precisely the kind of 'usual suspect' who fits the profile of a PED user. You're a longtime fringe player who suddenly transformed into a .321 hitter at the age of 31, late in life. What would you say to people who point out that you perfectly fit the profile of a PED user?"
I haven't seen the rest of the questions, but I won't prejudge them. Maybe they'll be good questions, or maybe they won't. But the one question that we've seen so far was certainly not a soft one. It asked exactly the question that CBDC and others have been asking.
Three of the last five MLB suspensions for drug violations have been for turinabol (called tbol). Cody Stanley, Daniel Stumpf, Chris Colabello. First, September 2015. Second and third, April 2016.
In March 2016 WADA published an update noting improved detection procedures for turinabol.
As I noted above, those improved detection methods have been around since 2013, and were catching track-and-field athletes already in 2013.
I'm not a scientist, and I strongly suspect neither are you. So please help us by telling us how you purport to know that what is contained in the WADA update, published March 2, 2016, titled “Improved detection of Oral-Turinabol structure identification and elimination of metabolites and generation of reference material” is not an improvement in detection at all.
I posed the questions I would be asking above. The first question I would be asking is what his score was on the gateway T/E ratio test. I suspect the first question a criminal lawyer would ask his client who has failed a breathalyser test and now claims to have no idea how alcohol got in his system because he wasn't drinking, is what the breathalyser count was.
Actually I did take the time to read them. That doesn't offer an answer to my question however. One of the articles said that in 2013 WADA was able to catch some other drug cheats, these ones in track and field whom they previously were unable to catch due to the quick metabolization period of turinabol, because they could now identify something called metabolites. On March 2, 2016 they published what they called an "Update", stating that they had improved the detection of metabolites in turinabol testing. In fact it's called “Improved detection of Oral-Turinabol structure identification and elimination of metabolites and generation of reference material”
You claimed to know that this is false, that there has been no improvement in the testing for turinabol as the title of the March 2, 2016 "update" claims, and my simple request is that you tell us how you claim to know this?
In any event, neither of us know exactly when MLB improved its own testing methods, since MLB is not the same as WADA or the national laboratories. But the simple point is that the technology has improved drastically since 2013 and -- as Victor Conte correctly points out -- no baseball player would willingly take Turinabol in the belief that it is undetectable. It has been easily detectable for years. Baseball players know that. This is why the several recent cases have been so surprising.
This too makes no sense. As stated above, three of the last five players suspended under the MLB drug policy. Colabello got caught with the same steroid as the other drug cheats, none of whom by the way, are claiming that they have "no idea" how this got in their system. Colabello is among the most obvious of the garden variety drug cheats, who when caught told garden variety lies.
This is fair enough.
Are you saying WADA doesn't do the MLB testing? Also, I see nowhere in the Conte interview where he says what you say he "correctly points out: that "No play would take Turinabol in the belief it is undetectable.
Conte struggles with the concept that Turinabol is making a comeback.
Conte instead wonders if this is the latest wave of athletes utilizing inferior chemists.
Find a good one - as 14 of the 16 players ensared in the 2013 Biogenesis scandal taught us - and you can avoid detection by baseball’s drug testers.
“If you’re smart, you’ll never get caught,’’ Conte told USA TODAY Sports. “The research shows that if you go home from the ballpark, and take a fast-acting testosterone, it will peak at 1 in the morning, get down before the 4-to-1 TE ratio by 4 in the morning, and by the time you get to the ballpark, you can’t test positive. That’s what (Alex Rodriguez) and all of those guys in Biogenesis were doing.
“So to get caught now, you’ve got to be pretty dumb. And to use Turinabol, that’s dumber than dumb. Nobody with any brains are using Turinabol. That’s just stupidity.”
Yes, you may need to be stupid, at least in Conte's eyes, to use turinabol. That's still very different from quoting Conte as saying that is very unlikely that Colabello used turinabol.
Moreover, it is obvious that players, and weightlifters, are or were, using turinabol, so whether Conte thinks it's smart or not seems beside the point.
If you haven't already done so, it is well worth the time to watch on youtube the Al Jazeera expose on steroid dealing. It gives you a good view of how 'random' the illegal steroid business is. It is worth reading the follow-ups as well, when the denials started.
The Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Program talks specifically about the Montreal Lab. Over and over again.
Article 1.D
For the term of this Program, laboratory analysis under the Program shall be performed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (IRNS-Institut Armand Frappier) Montreal Canada. (Montreal Lab)
The link you posted seems to be associated with the now decertified lab in Moscow and goes out of its way to expose 2 Ukrainian athletes.
The recent WADA article talks about developing a testing methodology that can stand up to legal challenges by athletes. It makes perfect sense that MLB would be more conservative in its testing.
As for your earlier post: Thank you for the information about WADA and MLB testing. But my point remains the same: from the wording of the March 2016 "project review" by WADA, there's no indication that WADA isn't already doing testing for Turinabol for MLB, and presumably using the technology that has been available for years.
The broader point is that an athlete wouldn't choose Turinabol if he wanted to cheat, because it is so easily detected. If anyone has evidence to the contrary, I'm still awaiting it.
In 2013, MLB introduces the in-season blood testing for HGH and longitudinal profiling for testosterone.
In 2014, MLB starts using the Mass Spectrometer. It cost $400 per test but can detect steroid 2 weeks after ingestion rather than the previous test which would only catch steroid used within 24hr--more or less.
The test used this year, can detect Turinabol ingested in the past 6 months. It's not likely that it was used last year, since the methodology was too new to be approved by the Players Association. That explains why people are getting caught now.
Grigory Rodchenkov, head of the Moscow laboratory, told the TV programme: "With this detection method, a hundred urine samples have now tested positive that would previously have turned up negative."
A similar story was reported in Cologne, where scientists have uncovered a glut of positive cases, including more than a hundred involving stanazolol.
"So tell me," Conte asked, "was there a spike in his performance?"
"So why are people surprised?" "How do you think that was possible?"
I don't think Ortiz's performance is possible. It's just that we don't have the right test yet.
Major league baseball, and other sports, could have chosen a testing system where accused dopers, instead of going through an advanced and sophisticated testing procedure, went on TV and everyone voted thumbs up or thumbs down to their pleas of innocence. That would be a wild affair, with huge variations depending on whether they were fans of the players or not.
But instead, MLB and the MLBPA agreed upon a scientific method of testing, which would act as a somewhat loose filter, and catch the most obvious drug cheats. Before you even move to the B sample tests, which in Colabello's case detected specifically the anabolic steroid Turinabol, you have to have failed the T/E ratio screen which is set at 4 times the usual amount of testosterone. As the Conte article pointed out, that's a low bar to hurdle.
I suspect that Colabello's ridiculous protestations that Turinabol just inexplicably showed up in his urine samples, are being met with complete derision not pnly by those who design and administer the tests, but also by those in MLB and the MLBPA who are intimately familiar with both the testing procedure, and with his specific test results.
But more than that, in answer to the questions above about why Colabello should tell the truth, this is why I think experienced counsel would have advised him to do so. MLB and the MLBPA have negotiated a steroid policy which is beneficial to players. Except for a once a year test for growth hormone, players are not required to provide a blood sample. In order to be submitted to more than twice a year urine tests, you need to have already failed and been suspended.
I can see why Colabello feels he is in a desperate situation. He has tasted major league success and now not only is his reputation in tatters, his future career, to the extent that he may have one, is in considerable jeopardy.
The last thing experienced counsel would advise Colabello to do is go around making public accusations that he has been falsely 'convicted' under the joint MLB/MLBPA system. I doubt that the clubs, the players' association or WADA have anything but the deepest disrespect for a guy who, once caught cheating, publicly claims that it is the fault of the testing procedure and not his own. While Colabello is not astute enough to figure this out, this is the type of advice he should be receiving. The MLBPA is deafeningly silent and offering no public support for his claim that it has agreed to a testing procedure which convicts the self-proclaimed 'innocent'. The clubs will have no desire to embrace someone who goes on TV to proclaim that he has been falsely found to be doping, a claim which undermines the joint system, with the superficial claim that he has "no idea" how Turinabol entered his system. Rather than being seem as someone who displays remorse, Colabello will be regarded as someone who, once caught cheating, tried to undermine the testing policy with superficial lies.
That is why I would have advised Colabello that his best avenue is to tell the truth and admit that he deliberately used Turinabol, to express remorse for having done so, and to commit that it would never happen again. He appears to be taking the exact opposite course, which in my view is misguided.
Still, it's important to understand enough about the testing before talking about open minds.
We live in a world in which you get excluded from the jury pool if you happen to have any expertise in something relevant to a trial. It's done so that the court can introduce experts who the jury will listen to and based their judgment on. So it happens from time to time that the so-called expert is exposed as a hack and the whole affair gets dismissed having wrecked many lives.
Conte is one of those so-called expert. He offers color commentary. Not much more.
The real points are that the testing did get better and Colabello did have a steroid in his system that could not have gotten there accidentally. I don't understand why anyone would have a reasonable doubt on these points, but I appreciate that it's the reason a jury has 12 members and I'm glad we don't have to play a rendition of 12 Angry Men on this.
This is interesting coming from the guy who confidently declared:
Before you even move to the B sample tests, which in Colabello's case detected specifically the anabolic steroid Turinabol, you have to have failed the T/E ratio screen which is set at 4 times the usual amount of testosterone. As the Conte article pointed out, that's a low bar to hurdle.
Per Arden Zwellingäs article on SportsNet, you are incorrect.
One of Colabello’s defences is that his testosterone level at the time of his test was 1.04 nanomoles — essentially right in line with that of an average male his age, and perhaps even a little low for a professional athlete.
http://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/big-read-blue-jays-chris-colabello-still-seeking-answers/
Before you even move to the B sample tests, which in Colabello's case detected specifically the anabolic steroid Turinabol, you have to have failed the T/E ratio screen which is set at 4 times the usual amount of testosterone. As the Conte article pointed out, that's a low bar to hurdle.
Per Arden Zwellingäs article on SportsNet, you are incorrect.
One of Colabello’s defences is that his testosterone level at the time of his test was 1.04 nanomoles — essentially right in line with that of an average male his age, and perhaps even a little low for a professional athlete.
Yes, I was obviously wrong about that. The information that I relied on for the gateway T/E test was from a 2012 Hardball Times article . That has been eclipsed, as noted in one of the articles, and was changed in 2013 and 2014, at the players' urging, when longitudinal profiling was added, which from the article appears to mean that if a player's testosterone level has varied over time the 4:1 ratio need not be met.
As the article that you linked to indicates, which you chose not to quote, Colabello's normative testosterone level is of no assistance to Colabello, perhaps because he was taking it orally. The paragraphs following the one you quote read:
But this defence doesn’t work in his favour. Orally-ingested turinabol essentially mimics the action of natural testosterone, which tells the body’s ultra-sensitive feedback system that it doesn’t need to produce any more of its own.
If anything, testosterone levels generally would go down when someone takes turinabol because the body senses the drug generating testosterone for it
. “His testosterone reading is irrelevant,” Phillips says. “That’s not damning evidence in either direction. From the drug testing side of things, it means absolutely nothing.”
Nice try. I quoted the passage that was relevant to my point.
Nobody, not even Colabello, is disputing that the test showed evidence of a banned substance having been in his system. You've chosen to not give him any benefit of any doubt about how it got there, and beyond that have been talking as if there is no room for any doubt.
I for one want to believe him and am rooting for him to succeed in finding evidence that proves he did not intentionally take a banned substance. I know it's a longshot that he'll succeed, and accept that it's entirely possible that he's simply lying. But I do feel there's room for doubt.
In order for me to give him the 'benefit of the doubt', as the phrase is being used, there has to be doubt in the first place. And in order for there to be doubt, there has to be another plausible or even conceivable explanation, other than the completely obvious one that he was cheating and took Turinabol, to explain how turinabol metabolites showed up in his sample. To this point, I've not heard anyone, including him, offer up such a scenario. And that's just dealing with the bare test itself.
Looking at the context, his story becomes even more ridiculous. Of all the PEDS to have somehow, inexplicably and mysteriously ingested by accident, he was just so 'unlucky' to have inexplicably ingested Turinabol, the same anabolic steroid that other players are getting busted for at the same time. Out of all the banned substances on the MLB/MLBPA list to "accidentally' ingest, what a wild and crazy bit of bad luck it was to have inexplicably ingested the vary PED that others are getting busted for.
Adding to the context of course, is his wild performance spike, going from a career Independent Leaguer to a major league star at age 32.
And as with Cola, Dee stated "Though I did not do so knowingly, I have been informed that test results showed I ingested something that contained prohibited substances."
Was going to make some snarky comment about 'benefit of the doubt', but instead I'll hypothesize why players caught in testing don't admit to taking PED's knowingly.
As long as you don't know how it entered your body, there is no supplier. Once you do admit, questioning will shift to how and from where you obtained them. And no player wants to go that route, since there are zero benefits (MLB isn't going to give you a plea deal). Best just to go the old Sgt. Schultz route and know nothing.
I have been thinking about the same thing this morning. The players are fed up with these guys and given that this a bargaining year, there may well be changes to the drug testing policy in respect of penalties. Some players are advocating a two year suspension for a first offence, which would have some heft to it but probably would not deter players whose career plans include PEDs, some of whom would otherwise not make the majors.
One possibility would be tighter cooperation between MLB's drug investigation office and the DEA. When the DEA showed up in the Biogenisis investigation, a career of Alex Rodriguez's lies dissolved in a NY minute.
Another possibility would be a two year suspension which could be reduced by exercise of discretion to one year, if the player is found to truthfully report his supply route. A player who receives such a reduction and who is found later to have withheld information, would be banned from the game. Something that encourages players to report their suppliers would also have somewhat of a chilling effect on the supply game.
https://www.fanduel.com/insider/2016/05/15/additional-mlb-suspensions-point-to-possible-explanation/
A couple of excerpts:
Earlier this week, the agent for suspended Blue Jays first baseman Chris Colabello organized a conference call with doctors, scientists and molecular biologists who are experts on steroid testing. The agent, Brian Charles, participated on the call with Colabello, Phillies reliever Daniel Stumpf and former UFC heavyweight champion Frank Mir.
Stumpf said that one idea under discussion is the transferring of their samples from the laboratory in Montreal that handles baseball’s drug tests to another laboratory that would conduct a further examination. The players also might seek the transfer of medicines they submitted from an Aegis laboratory to another lab as another method of trying to determine the origins of their positive tests.