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Robert of Dudek returned to action the other day, and in the course of the ensuing discussion he noted:

91 mph is a below average MLB fastball now (for a righthander). Richmond is a serviceable starter, but it is very unlikely to become an ace.

Now he's probably right about that second sentence, but later for that. It's the notion of an average major league fastball that has caught my attention. Oh look! It's a  Bright and Shiny Object - and away I go. I'm gonna need a Data Table....


I piped up in the first place because I thought it strange to see Richmond described, as he had been,  as a "soft-tosser." I have perhaps a unique notion on these matters, but I like 91-92 mph fastballs. I actually prefer them, in fact. I am always doubtful of pitchers who throw 95 mph and up. I immediately suspect two things about each and every one of them: 1) you're probably going to hurt yourself throwing that hard, and 2) throwing that hard, you probably never had to learn how to pitch until you got to the majors. And that's not going to work against big league hitters. No way, no how.

Yeah, I know - Mark Prior and Daniel Cabrera (and Dustin McGowan and Billy Koch and... you get the idea!) have permanently warped my perspective on this business. I am aware - oh bitter irony - that Richmond is on the DL right now. But  that's my ancient prejudice, which is probably neither here nor there. I do know why the scouts like these guys, of course. They're all thinking the same thing, which is basically this:

We can't teach you to throw 95 mph. But we can teach you how to pitch.

And indeed they can teach it, but it's still alarming how few guys who throw 95 can actually learn. 

Well, let's look at  some numbers. There are 95 right-handed pitchers who have made 10 starts in the majors this season, and FanGraphs provides the average fastball velocity for each and every one of them.(I am absolutely not going to compare the velocity of starters to relievers.)

Drum roll, please...

      Pitcher    Team    FBv     ST      IP     ERA     ERA+

1    Jimenez     COL    95.8    19    122.2    3.82    118
2    Verlander   DET    95.5    19    122.1    3.38    133
3    Paulino     HOU    95.3    10     55.0    7.04    59
4    Johnson     FLA    95.0    19    128.0    2.74    152
5    Jackson     DET    94.4    18    121.2    2.52    179
6    Beckett     BOS    94.3    18    121.0    3.35    140
7    Hernandez   SEA    94.2    19    132.1    2.51    170
8    Burnett     NYY    94.2    18    113.1    3.81    116
9    Scherzer    ARI    93.8    17     96.1    3.64    124
10    Greinke   KCR    93.7    18    127.1    2.12    204
11    Penny    BOS    93.7    17     93.2    4.71    99
12    Oswalt    HOU    93.3    20    128.1    3.65    114
13    Zimmerman   WAS    93.3    15     86.0    4.50    96
14    Garza    TBR    93.0    18    115.2    3.73    120
15    Guthrie     BAL    93.0    18    101.0    5.35     86
16    Cueto    CIN    92.8    18    109.1    3.62    122
17    Halladay    TOR    92.7    17    123.0    2.85    151
18    Lincecum    SFG    92.6    19    134.2    2.27    189
19    Carmona     CLE    92.6    12     60.2    7.42     61
20    Meche    KCR    92.5    19    108.0    4.50    96
21    Chamberlain NYY    92.4    17    97.0    4.25    104
22    Carpenter   STL    92.4    14    91.2    2.26    185
23    Cain    SFG    92.2    18    117.0    2.38    180
24    Hammel    COL    92.1    15    89.1    4.43    102
25    Harden    CHC    92.0    15    80.0    5.06     87
26    Berken    BAL    92.0    10    50.1    6.44     71
27    Gallardo    MIL    91.8    18    114.2    3.22    131
28    Pelfrey    NYM    91.8    18    103.0    5.07     83
29    Peavy    SDP    91.8    13    81.2    3.97     95
30    Hochevar    KCR    91.8    10    57.1    5.34    81
31    Billingsley LAD    91.7    20    127.0    3.76    111
32    Padilla    TEX    91.7    16    96.1    4.67    95
33    Floyd    CWS    91.6    18    115.2    4.44    104
34    Niemann    TBR    91.6    16    91.2    3.73    121
35    Snell    PIT    91.6    15    80.2    5.36     76
36    Volstad    FLA    91.5    19    113.1    4.53     92
37    Richmond    TOR    91.5    13    85.1    3.69    117
38    Maine    NYM    91.5    11    61.2    4.52    93
39    Wellemeyer  STL    91.4    18    100.1    5.56     75
40    Nolasco    FLA    91.4    17    96.2    5.77     72
41    Contreras   CWS    91.4    12    73.1    4.54    102
42    Jurrjens    ATL    91.3    20    120.1    2.77    151
43    Davies    KCR    91.3    14     79.2    5.76     75
44    Zambrano    CHC    91.2    17    107.0    3.36    130
45    Feldman    TEX    91.2    15     96.1    3.83    116
46    Vazquez    ATL    91.0    18    119.0    2.95    142
47    Baker    MIN    91.0    17    101.1    5.42     76
48    Porcello    DET    90.9    16     87.0    4.14    109
49    Lackey    LAA    90.9    12     73.0    4.93     91
50    Wainwright  STL    90.8    19    130.1    3.04    137
51    Haren    ARI    90.8    18    130.0    2.01    225
52    Correia    SDP    90.8    18    104.0    4.50     83
53    Galarraga  DET    90.7    18     99.0    5.09     88
54    Lohse    STL    90.6    11     61.1    4.26    98
55    Marquis     COL    90.5    18    123.1    3.65    124
56    Dempster    CHC    90.5    17    105.2    4.09    107
57    Ohlendorf   PIT    90.4    18    106.2    4.64     87
58    Blackburn   MIN    90.3    18    123.1    3.06    134
59    Shields    TBR    90.2    20    134.1    3.75    120
60    Millwood    TEX    90.2    19    130.0    3.46    129
61    Pavano    CLE    90.2    18    107.0    5.13     88
62    Harang    CIN    90.1    19    114.0    4.18    106
63    Kawakami    ATL    90.1    16     88.2    4.26     98
64    Gaudin    SDP    90.1    15     87.1    4.84     77
65    Cook    COL    90.0    19    114.2    3.85    117
66    Martis    WAS    90.0    15     85.2    5.25     82
67    Ortiz    HOU    90.0    10     73.0    4.44     94
68    Garland     ARI    89.7    19    116.0    3.41    132
69    Wells    CHC    89.6    12     76.0    2.72    161
70    Blanton     PHI    89.4    17    103.1    4.44     97
71    McCarthy    TEX    89.4    11     64.0    4.92     90
72    Cahill    OAK    89.2    19    103.0    3.45    119
73    Stammen     WAS    89.2    11     66.2    4.46     97
74    Looper    MIL    89.1    19    107.1    4.95     85
75    Myers    PHI    89.1    10     63.2    4.66     92
76    Colon    CWS    89.1    11     55.1    4.23    109
77    Bergeson    BAL    89.0    16   104.1    3.54    130
78    Slowey    MIN    88.9    16    90.2    4.86    84
79    Pineiro     STL    88.7    17    115.1    3.20    131
80    Weaver    LAA    88.6    18    120.1    3.22    140
81    Karstens    PIT    88.6    10    78.0    4.50    90
82    Lowe    ATL    88.4    20    118.2    4.40    95
83    Palmer    LAA    88.4    11    75.2    4.76     95
84    Owings    CIN    88.3    16    94.2    4.94     90
85    Arroyo    CIN    88.1    19    119.0    5.07     87
86    Bush    MIL    88.1    14    81.0    5.67     74
87    Bannister   KCR    87.8    17    103.1    3.66    118
88    Moehler     HOU    87.6    15    79.2    5.08    82
89    Sonnanstine TBR    87.3    15    81.2    6.61     68
90    Uehara    BAL    87.0    12    66.2    4.05    113
91    Suppan    MIL    86.8    19    105.2    4.43     95
92    Geer    SDP    85.8    15     92.2    6.02     62
93    Young    SDP    85.8    14     76.0    5.21     72
94    Hernandez  NYM    84.6    17    100.2    5.10     83
95    Wakefield   BOS    72.7    17    108.2    4.31    109

On the major league list, Richmond and his 91.5 heater is tied for 36th in a field of 95.If we were to restrict the list to AL starters, he's a little closer to the middle of the pack (he'd be 19th in a field of 41.) I'd say it's at least an average major league FB, or a shade above average. He throws harder than your average guy - he throws harder than a lot of guys who are better pitchers than he.

Is he a serviceable starter? Sure - his ERA+ of 117 ranks 16th among the 41 AL RH starters and tied for 33rd among the 95 major league right-handers.

Is he unlikely to become an ace? Yes - but they are all unlikely to become an ace. Until they actually do. Unless and until then - it's always very unlikely.
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zeppelinkm - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 09:12 AM EDT (#202854) #
I also feel like Richmond is the walking definition of a true wildcard.  I apologize, I think i'm about to write a lot.

Was he ever scouted? Was he on prospect lists when he was 18/19/20/21? I feel like the answer is probably no, but please advise if you know otherwise.

What I'm getting at is that I think he is benefiting greatly from the major league coaching. The exposure to top professional teachers, working alongside guys like Doc (which is clearly having an impact with just the most observable items, like the fact that he's reading Halladay's bible, the ABC's of Pitching). I feel like he is still improving towards his true potential, which is unknown.  He might have already peaked and begin to stagnate.  He may get better still - do any of us really know?

How many of you thought Richmond was going to fall off a cliff after his start against the Yankees? You know, when he went 1.2 IP, allowed 5 runs, and got knocked around by a powerful lightly leaning lineup. This was on the heels of another game in which he allowed 5 runs early but managed to find himself and get through 8 innings.

I will raise my hand. I thought the magic pixie-dust someone had sprinkled on him had finally worn off. But no, kid has rebounded nicely.  In fact, he has been down right excellent since then (and he was pretty good before that start, too!).

Since that Yankee Massacre:

6 GS, 38.2 IP, 13 RA,  35 K, 11 BB, 28 Hits Allowed

What I like most about Richmond? His poise. He seems utterly calm out on the mound. He looks like he is in control of himself, and subsequently, the game. Few pitchers emanate this. There are numerous higher end talented pitchers who I didn't feel comfortable watching, even though on any given day they could completely shut down the opposing team.See McGowan, Dustin.

As well, Richmond has certainly demonstrated the ability to learn. In the Yankee Massacre, he almost completely abandoned his curveball against the lefties in the lineup. He subsequently got murdered for doing so. In his next major test against a lineup with some potent lefties, the Phillies (Howard, Utley, Ibanez with Rollins and Victorino as switch hitters), he maintained virtually the exact same ratio of pitches that he threw to righties to lefties as well. He dominated the Phillies. Lesson learned? We will see going forward.

The information on pitch patterns can be verified by visiting John Hale's excellent site, the Mockingbird, bjays.wordpress.com if anyone doubts the validity of what I said. But it's extremely cut and dry - he went with conventional wisdom early on "You don't throw pitches that break in to a hitter", ie, his curveball to lefties, and paid the price. He adjusted to this, and benefited greatly.

Scott Richmond is a true wildcard, ladies and gentlemen. We've been moving the date back on his "inevitable" collapse and fall off the mountain, basically every start. "Oh, well, he some how did it again, but next time! Next time he implodes! Just you wait and see!".

Tom Seaver in his book, The Art of Pitching, says there are 3 things that make a pitcher successful. Velocity, location, and movement. He said you only need excel in two of them to (as long as you got some of the other one, as well) to be successful.

Scott Richmond throws slightly above average. Velocity, check.
Scott Richmond has a career BB/9 of 2.56 (Doc's career mark is 2.04 BB/9). Location, check.
Scott Richmond has a K/9 of 7.49 (Doc is a full K per 9 lower). Movement, check.

Sorry if comparing him to Doc is unfair, as Doc Halladay is the best pitcher in the world. I don't think Richmond will ever turn into Halladay, but really guys, how do we define servicable? Also, I'll be the first to admit, perhaps K/9 is not the best way to measure movement, but missing bats didn't seem like a bad way to gauge it a bit. I will email John Hale and see if he will look into comparing Richmond's curveball for horizontal and vertical break compared to the MLB average, and that should give us a more complete pitcher. I mean, picture.

Scott Richmond, ladies and gentlemen. They might make a movie about him someday.





Forkball - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 09:22 AM EDT (#202855) #
This is great stuff Magpie.  It's a treat to see researched work intelligently commented on (especially compared to broad generalizations).

I certainly would have guessed the average fastball is faster than what it is.

Gerry - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 09:49 AM EDT (#202857) #
Magpie, I think you missed Jamie Moyer, 18 starts, 81.2 mph.  I noticed this because I assumed he would have been bottom of the list, forgot about Wakefield.
Pistol - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 09:55 AM EDT (#202859) #
You also need to consider GB rate and HR%.  That's the big difference with the Halladay comparison.
CeeBee - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 10:18 AM EDT (#202862) #
Great work Magpie, but for some reason I can't spot Ricky Romero on the list. Looks like 90-91 is about average for starters I'd say.
Magpie - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 10:29 AM EDT (#202863) #
I think you missed Jamie Moyer
I can't spot Ricky Romero

Right-handers only.

I certainly would have guessed the average fastball is faster than what it is.

Granted, the guys who only throw 15-20 pitches a game do tend to throw them quite a bit harder.

I think [Richmond] is benefiting greatly from the major league coaching.

I don't doubt it, and he seems mature enough or intelligent to learn from what happens and adjust accordingly. This is what I wrote about hiom last August:

I've been in the house for both of Scott Richmond's starts, and the guy is interesting. It's a weird story, isn't it? This 28 year old, just scuffling along in AA - he was 5-8, 4.92 at New Hampshire when they bumped him up to Syracuse. What I want to know is what happened. Because at Syracuse he went just 0-2, but with a 2.53 ERA, and struck out 31 guys in 32 IP. AAA hitters batted .210 against him. And the scouts were raving about him, which is why he got the call. And I see him, and I think here's a guy who's this close to being really useful. He's got four pitches and uses them all, but everything revolves around moving that low 90s fastball in and out, up and down. What he needs to do is get over the fact that he's dealing with major league hitters, and stop nibbling. We were talking about that a little - against Oakland tonight, Richmond was getting ahead early, and then he'd nibble rather than get the at bat over with. It didn't actually hurt him too much, but it ran up his pitch count. Jordan recalled that he was doing it the other way round in his first start - he'd nibble, fall behind, and then work to the hitters. Which is much, much more dangerous of course.
Magpie - Sunday, July 19 2009 @ 11:12 AM EDT (#202868) #
zeppelinkm mentioned Jon Hale, and the Mockingbird has had Richmond on his examination table a few times this season. As always, it's been very interesting stuff.

First on April 30, with one of his pretty pictures:

The mix is 49% fastball, 28% slider, 13% curveball and 9% changeup. No pitch really jumps off the page as being particularly deadly, but neither does anything scream DANGER DANGER like Litsch last season or Purcey this year. His changeup drops, his breaking pitches break, and everything is moving consistently...He might even want to throw his curve more often, because he seems to be peppering the very bottom of the strike zone with it, and his changeup is also falling out of the bottom of the zone nicely....But just from watching Richmond pitch...you can tell his slider is clearly his best pitch, and it has gotten him most of his K’s...

After being pummelled by the Yankees, Richmond said his problem was "fastball location" and documentation was provided:

Richmond was around but never in the zone all night, just off the corners with his fastballs... but then getting hit and hit hard on belt high pitches when he was had to throw a strike.

And finally after he blew away the Phillies:

how did Scott Richmond not only survive, but strike out 11 against a lefty-stacked Phillies lineup, when lefties have hit him on for an absurd .972 OPS this season? He finally ignored the completely overblown concept that as a righty you don’t throw breaking pitches to left handed batters (because they move towards rather than away from them) and just threw his normal repertoire to them instead of a majority of fastballs that were getting hammered.
Mike Green - Monday, July 20 2009 @ 09:48 AM EDT (#202908) #
Scott Richmond has little chance to be an ace, but he does have a decent chance of being as good as A.J. Burnett (170 innings of 111 ERA+ pitching in an average year).  You can say that about Marcum, Cecil, Romero and Zep, as well.  
Nice piece, Magpie.

canuckiwi - Saturday, July 25 2009 @ 11:12 PM EDT (#203219) #
The answer to zeppelinkm's question, the reason as to why Scott Richmond was not on anyone's prospect list between 18 - 21, is that he was scraping barnacles on the Nth Vancouver docks, from 18 - 20, while playing a little Industrial League ball, and to the best of my knowledge, even fewer MLB scouts make sincere rounds of Industrial League games in the greater Vancouver area, than bother to glance askance at the odd Nothern League game. By age 21he was playing in the most impressive sounding, but  still way below the MLB radar, "Heart of America League," out of a very small 4 yr school in "Podunk" Missouri.

As for the "what happened" queries, between his AA experience and his ascendancy in his brief stay at AAA, there are probably a number of factors which contributed, mostly of the off field variety.
An 'old' Indy guy at 28, being parachuted in to a AA scenario, bumping a popular young player from the rotation, this slight was compounded by the ultimate insult of his being given the ball on opening day over the #6 over all draft pick, a guy with with 3 yrs seniority on the team. Not surprisingly in the circumstances these developments failed to produce the effect of knitting team chemistry ever closer.
I can imagine that a pitcher's level of performance can in part be connected to his overall mental and emotional contentment, and thinly veiled feelings of resentment from much younger team mates, coupled with a palpable non-drafted outsider stigma, do nothing to enhance ones contentment coefficient.
The double-AA environment is not necessarily one big happy family, as is probably often assumed. There are several cliques, the Prospects, the high draft picks,  the lower picks, the Institutional players and always the tendency of some players to cosy up to the guys with big bonus money who can afford to buy the drinks etc.
Coming from the tightknit environment of a Northern League clubhouse, where older guys showed the younger guys the ropes, locker room protocol and and how to respect the game etc and even where opposing teams socialized together post game, during BP crossovers and even gave each other tips, the [not too subtle at times,] dog eat dog intra-team competition in AA was new to him and took a while to acclimatize to.
Once in Triple-AAA, with 3 months of Affiliated ball now under his belt, there was a more mature atmosphere on the team, and he had figured out the scene to the point that he was comfortable with how to handle it and still get get the job done, which he displayed with unexpected proficiency to the multitudes of naysayers.

As for coaching, Richmond contends that he had no actual "pitching coaching/instruction" literally NONE, from a head coach or designated pitching coach all the way thru college and even AA much to his surprise and dismay. What he picked up here and there was from chatting with other pitchers. At AAA he got a few pointers from official channels, but once in MLB he admits that Brad Arnsberg has been helpful in his further development.
Roy Halladay is a quiet guy by nature, who leads by example on the mound, but he's a bit of a loner, set on a pedestal to a degree,  who doesn't necessarliy invite conversation from rookies, and cannot  be considered one who mentors and readily shares his technical knowledege and experience with the younger players.

The Halladay bible, "The Mental ABC's of Baseball," from what I have read, was sent to Richmond by his old man, prior to his 11 strikeout effort against the Phillies, with specific instructions to commit it to memory, and read from it every day.

And now you have the rest of the story.......................

It's heartwarming to see Richmond get a fair and favorable shake, after initially being written off by most pundits as a temporary gap filler in the rotation, not likely to be still in town by the time May rolled around. Kudos to both Magpie and zeppelinkm for giving praise where it is due, and for being big enough to admit their initial misjudgement of this Wildcard's potential.

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