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A few days ago, the New Jersey Appellate Division reversed a lower-court ruling and found that a fan seriously injured by a foul ball while lining up at a concession stand at a Newark Bears game could sue the team and the concessionaire that served him. The court held that stadiums must provide protection for fans not in their seats watching the game, such as those at concession stands.

The New Jersey decison stands in contrast to a higher-profile ruling by the Massachusetts Appeals Court last month that a woman seriously injured by a foul ball while sitting in her seat at Fenway Park could not sue the Red Sox. And a $10 million lawsuit by a woman who lost her eye to a foul ball at Tiger Stadium several years ago is evidently still pending, according to this article that alleges fans are significantly injured by foul balls as often as once every game. Indeed, the Tigers are apparently snakebitten when it comes to ballpark injuries.

The law in most jurisdictions is that when you buy a ticket and enter a sporting grounds -- be it a ballpark, a stadium or an ice rink -- you accept the risk that inadvertant injuries may result from the action on the field. Indeed, almost all tickets include a disclaimer on the back attesting to this. But baseball is unique in the frequency and intensity by which objects can come flying off the playing surface and into the stands. Notwithstanding the tragic death of a girl at a Columbus Blue Jackets game a year or so ago, hockey pucks rarely fly into the stands and rarely cause grievous damage when they do. Footballs hardly ever enter the bleachers, and basketball players are just as likely to launch themselves into the courtside seats chasing balls as are the balls to bounce in by themselves. But in baseball, where only one fan (a 14-year-old boy in 1971 Los Angeles) has ever been killed by a foul ball, screaming liners into the stands are nonetheless commonplace.

Evidence indicates that a three-foot plexiglass screen down the first- and third-base lines would cut down on a great many of the worst ballpark injuries -- but neither the front-row fans nor the ballclubs seem particularly interested in cutting down that level of accessibility to the field. How many young fans receive their first souveniers when an outfielder or first-base coach tosses a harmless foul roller into the front row? But if the $10M suit against the Tigers succeeds, then ballclubs will be forced to ratchet up their insurance coverage tremendously -- and that price will almost certainly be passed along directly to the ticket-buying consumer.

There are many lawyers frequenting Batter's Box, but this is a topic that everyone can voice an opinion on: what should be the law, and what should be the official MLB policy, regarding the protection of baseball fans from injuries incurred by foul balls? Should the plexiglass screen be mandated in all parks, regardless of costs and regardless of actual risk? Should fans be required to sign a clear waiver of the right to sue before entering the stadium? Or should the risk of getting an 80-mph foul ball in the face be simply another aspect of a day at the park -- one that forces the young, casual or easily distracted fan to take a safer seat or accept the risks of doing otherwise?
The Law of the Foul Ball | 19 comments | Create New Account
The following comments are owned by whomever posted them. This site is not responsible for what they say.
_Daryn - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:31 PM EDT (#50677) #
I don't think the ruling is going to create anything like a fence along the front row. A mesh screen or net breaking the "line of sight" from the Concession stand to the plate would have sufficed in this case...

I believe that teh evolution of safety rules IS important, no one even mentions the nets at Hockey games now.. but I also don't think you use a protective bubble in every case.
_John Northey - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:33 PM EDT (#50678) #
To me stuff like this is sick and an abuse of the legal system. People suing because they were hit by a ball? Yeah, it sucks if you were the one in a million who was seriously hurt, or the one in 100+ million who died. But given those odds people should be suing governments for not having lightning rods on every street corner because someone dies by being hit by lightning more often than by a foul ball and the government could stop it from happening. Hmmm.... maybe that is a way to make some cash....
_King Rat - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:33 PM EDT (#50679) #
I'm torn on the issue. Obviously, teams acknowledge there's a limit to how far you can push the 'watch out for foul balls, and don't say we didn't warn you' line, otherwise they wouldn't put a screen behind home plate. And I'm not callous enough to take the line that these people who are seriously injured by flying baseballs are responsible for their own misfortune and should shut up and deal with it. On the other hand, I don't want to see plexiglass down the lines, for what I'll admit are entirely aesthetic reasons, and I do feel that people do bear a lot of the responsibility for making sure they don't get brained by liners if they sit in the nice seats. I suppose, in the end, I come down reluctantly in the camp for plexiglass, but it's certainly not something I'm enthusiastic about.
_Daryn - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:36 PM EDT (#50680) #
on the other hand, the more I think about it.

it should be possible to design a backstop that protects the fans from screaming liners and does not sit between them and the field...
while a batting practise "cage" is way overboard, it actually serves that purpose....

maybe some sort of "wings" on the backstop or possibly some just a few more sections of backstop (say out to the end of the dugouts) would break the line of sight for the closest fans....
_King Rat - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:42 PM EDT (#50681) #
Now that I've posted a wishy-washy defense of screens, I find myself pushed harder into the pro-safety camp by the sheer callousness of John's post. Are you seriously suggesting a nine-year-old is trying to cash in on a fractured skull? As for the 'sucks to be you' aspect of the post, where precisely would you draw the line? If someone were, God forbid, to be killed by a liner, would you just shrug and say 'he shoulda been ready?' People should be alert in the stands, and I suppose I can see the logic that says that a broken finger or fractured rib is an extreme example of something you might exp[ect when you buy your ticket. But a fractured skull? Loss of an eye? Death? Come on.
_Ducey - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 12:59 PM EDT (#50682) #
If you read the article, the court just allowed the claim to go forward on the basis that the Plaintiff was hit while standing in a concession line. The court was careful to distinguish that situation from someone sitting in their seat watching the game. Ultimately, a trial would still have to be held. If liability was found this case would just be a precedent saying baseball stadiums should protect people in concession lines. This would be easy to deal with by owners.

On the wider issue, I think it is inevitable that stadiums in baseball will have to do more to protect patrons. Hockey has insituted netting without much of a problem and a court would find it difficult for baseball to justify not taking similar steps - especially when faced with a sympathetic plaitiff such as a young child.
robertdudek - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:00 PM EDT (#50683) #
If someone were killed by a linedrive, I would think the same thing as I would if I saw someone killed by lightning: It's a tragic event, and I feel sorry for them.

The question is, how much do we interfere with a view of the field to decrease the risk. I think the current precautions are satisfactory. People should be aware that if they buy tickets to certain areas, their risk goes up. I'm amazed that many people who sit in the first few rows down the lines sometimes do not pay attention to the game.

Earlier this year, a foul ball nearly struck a person in the back of the head while they were walking up the aisle (and therefore not looking at the field). This is a foolish thing to do in my opinion, but there is only so much society can do to keep stupid people from putting themselves at risk.

One change I would make is to make the announcement about keeping your eye on the ball while it is in play more often (say four or five times a game). I'd say 90% of the people hit in the head or face with a foul ball were not paying attention.
_John Northey - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:08 PM EDT (#50684) #
A bit more rough than intended (long week, long day today at work, post too quick). Basically, I get very sick of hearing about people suing anyone with money (or perceived to have money in the case of some minor league teams) whenever anything bad happens to them. Largely because it leads to many not so nice things happening. If I am running a baseball team and a fan gets seriously hurt by a foul ball, in the past I'd be running out to help, calling an ambulance, in the states offering to pay all medical costs and give the fan a special day perhaps as a way of saying 'sorry it happened'. Now the team would be nuts to do anything beyond the bare minimum (ie: get medical personnel there) as anything else could be viewed as a statement of 'we are at fault' in court thus letting the person sue for millions of dollars and making a win much easier. If you admit, or imply, that you are guilty of neglect at any time then you are toast in court from what I understand.

Should we all be protected at all times from things that are extremely rare events? Being hit by a foul ball isn't rare, but being seriously hurt by one is otherwise it wouldn't be news whenever it occurs (much like a car accident on the 401 is never reported unless it gets extremely ugly with deaths and multiple vehicles involved). If you feel it is everyone but your own responsibility to watch after you and make sure you are safe then you should feel these lawsuits are good. If you think people should look out for themselves and not look for someone to blame when things go wrong then you should be against the lawsuits.

All that said, the person hit by a ball while in line has an argument for some form of compensation (medical and some pain & suffering but not millions of dollars) as that area is viewed as 'safe' by the fans, much like someone being hit by a home run ball while walking down the street would have an argument. It is largely those in the seats who stop paying attention and get hit then sue that bug me, who I view as people going 'not my fault so I'm suing' even though they could've avoided injury by just paying attention.
Mike Green - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:23 PM EDT (#50685) #
There are all kinds of reasons why fans do not pay attention at games. Some are simply the fan's responsibility; others are not; and still others are "grey".

The parent who momentarily must take his/her attention from the game to attend to a child's needs can hardly be blamed. Baseball welcomes families to its games, and part and parcel of this is occasional lack of attention to the game.

Obviously impaired fans are served beer in the stands, and their attention wanders. To me, this is an instance of shared responsibility between the fan and the club that continues to serve the drunken patron.

That said, there are many of us, myself included, who doubt the wisdom of rules that determine the economic fate of a seriously injured person, whether they be injured on the roads, at home, at work or at a ballpark, on a ruling about who is at fault.
Mike D - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:26 PM EDT (#50686) #
John, the New Jersey court agrees with you. Having read Gideon's link, the holding in the case was rather limited:

1. Fans watching the game assume the risk of foul balls coming their way, since they gladly trade the lack of a screen for an unobstructed view. Seats right behind the plate are the exception, since it would be unreasonably dangerous not to have a screen there.

2. But fans in line for concession stands do not assume that risk, since they can't be so alert as to concentrate on the ball when they're ordering concessions. Thus, the ballpark must take steps to protect them from foreseeable injuries while they wait in line.

A reasonable ruling, and it's about where I would draw the line.
_R Billie - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:36 PM EDT (#50687) #
I was a game last year where two children were injured by screaming fouls into the SkyDome stands. On two consecutive pitches. Paramedics had to attend to them both. I don't know how much you could say those children or their parents were at fault for not somehow avoiding a missile approaching at considerable speed. I've also seen people injured by balls that bounce off the facing of the higher decks and fall back down into the stands. A missle fired into a crowd of people with limited mobility has a good chance of doing damage.

I don't know what the solution is. In hockey it was obvious because fans don't have access to the ice rink anyway. Will baseball really lose that many fans if they employ some plexiglass or invisible netting down the foul lines? I mean it's fine to say that it's not your fault if someone gets hurt but there should be SOME responsibility, if even just from an ethical standpoint, to provide as much protection to your patrons as you can.

And if some patrons don't want that protection? Well some visitors to the zoo want to pet the lions and hug the gorillas. That doesn't stop the zoo from taking every precaution to make sure it doesn't happen. That probably isn't a good analogy but anyway.
robertdudek - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:37 PM EDT (#50688) #
The parent who momentarily must take his/her attention from the game to attend to a child's needs can hardly be blamed. Baseball welcomes families to its games, and part and parcel of this is occasional lack of attention to the game.

Correct. And they should also avoid the high-risk seats. I take my 4-year-old to the ballgame frequently and I never sit in an area that is susceptible to a linedrive.
_Jonny German - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 01:53 PM EDT (#50689) #
I see Robert has already touched on my point: What percentage of the seats in a ballpark can potentially be reached by a true screaming liner? I'm guessing 20% at the very most in SkyDome, and for that reason I say "No screen". Warn the fans of the risks of choosing to sit in those seats, and point out that there are a multitude of alternatives (both more and less expensive). It's then up to the individual fan to decide whether there is unwarranted risk in sitting in those areas. To me, that's generous. There are no safe places on a ski hill. You want to ski, you accept the risk. Period. You want to go to a ball game, you get to choose how much risk you find reasonable.

We live in a society of ever-increasing safety and ever-increasing paranoia.
_alsiem - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 02:16 PM EDT (#50690) #
We live in a society of ever-increasing safety and ever-increasing paranoia.

Agreed, I was shocked on my trip to the U.S. I went to Mesa Verde National Park and now find it amusing to think of all the warnings I received.

10-15 minutes speech from a ranger before walking down to a cliff dwelling. Dehydration, oxygen levels, sun stroke etc.

15 minutes before we climbed a 30 foot ladder. The rungs can be hot, tips on breathing if you get scared, etc.

Obviously, the warnings are necessary to keep the park out of trouble.

There was also a massive disclaimer at the entrace to Coors Field announcing that you're taking your life in your hands, may God have mercy on your wicked soul.

No new screens, no new fences. If you're concerned, then don't sit there.
_Daryn - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 02:17 PM EDT (#50691) #
We could require the fans wear helmets and masks like we do for motorcyclists, or we could put plexi or screening, or do nothing... so I guess there are options...

whenever there are options, you need to have a reason for the one you chose.. personally I think netting is way less obstructive than plexi...

at what point is reasonable is the question...

remember the fans in the first days of the Skydome? they were jumping the cue in the line to get out, but jumping from ramp to ramp on the exit ramps... one missed and fell through the crack and I think died... now that was just plain stupdity and I don't know if a lawsuit was contemplated or successful, but I do know the Dome put barriers in there...

Also, the risk of falling out of the upper deck is significant too.. (risk = probability x severity, so even if the probabiltuy is low, the severity is very high, thus high risk)... what is reasonable?

"the standard of the reasonable man" states, would a reasonable person expect this to occurr or not...

hard to say..
_Shrike - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 02:20 PM EDT (#50692) #
Mike has clearly and succinctly described the key points in the court's ruling. I agree with him, and would have decided no differently had I been the one writing the opinion.

That being said, I'm positive baseball clubs can and should take Robert's eminently sensible approach and protect themselves by taking greater control over how and where they sell tickets to young families, or tailoring their warning about foul balls specifically to those at higher risk (the elderly, parents and young children).
_Keith Talent - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 03:28 PM EDT (#50693) #
I've spent some time in Japan. The Japanese think they can improve on everything. And at their pro baseball games they employ a lot of ushers with whistles. Whenever a ball is about to enter the stands they swarm to where the think the ball is going, madly blowing whistles and pointing.

I think this technique is effective because so many foul ball injuries are serious because the victim did not brace themselves. Second, once nailed, it can take a long time for the staff to get to you in an MLB park. In Japan they make you aware of the incoming bullet, and are right there in case you get nailed. No plexiglass.
_Brian - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 03:56 PM EDT (#50694) #
http://phillyfever.blogspot.com/
New Jersey courts also ruled that "Ladies Night's" at bars are also sexist, and that sex oriented drink specials cannot be enforced any longer. The state is slowly embarrassing me.
_gid - Wednesday, July 21 2004 @ 05:27 PM EDT (#50695) #
That being said, I'm positive baseball clubs can and should take Robert's eminently sensible approach and protect themselves by taking greater control over how and where they sell tickets to young families, or tailoring their warning about foul balls specifically to those at higher risk (the elderly, parents and young children).

I agree with Robert's position and I'm in the same situation (I also have a 4-year-old). One time last year towards the end of a sparsely-attended game my son wanted to try to get a ball, so we moved down to the field level along the right foul line, pretty far back. The usher saw the kid and sensibly asked us to move back to about the 6th row. So, I suspect this is something that the teams do generally pay attention to. Older kids get to sit closer to the line (you see players tossing them balls all the time).
The Law of the Foul Ball | 19 comments | Create New Account
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