As all three of the second base contenders for the Hall of Fame are into their late 30s, I decided to explore the question of which second baseman have been admitted to the Hall a bit before talking about each of them.

What credentials qualify a second baseman for the Hall of Fame?

For those who aren’t familiar with the Hall of Fame’s process, we’ll start with a brief explanation. Players can be admitted to the Hall one of two ways- by securing at least 75% of the vote of the baseball writers association (BBWAA) or by being selected by the Veterans’ Committee. Players with 10 years or more service become eligible after 5 years of retirement for BBWAA selection, and can remain on the ballot for 15 years, unless they fail to secure 5% of the vote in a year. After they cease to be eligible for BBWAA selection, the Veterans Committee may select them, again with 75% of the vote being the requirement.

The Veterans' Committee process was revamped in 2003, and is now transparent. All eligible players (1400 in 2005) are narrowed down to a field of 200 by a Historical Overview Committee, composed of experienced sportswriters. Here is the field of 200 for the 2005 Veterans' Committee vote. There are some fine, fine players on this list, including Larry Doyle and Joe Gordon. More on that later. After that, a BBWAA screening committee composed of 2 writers from each major league city (4 for New York, Chicago and Los Angeles) narrows the list down to 25 by vote. Those 25 players go to the Veterans' Commitee, composed of Hall of Famers (currently 60) and award-winning journalists (currently 14), and a player who secures 75% of the Committee's vote is elected to the Hall.

I will not be addressing 19th century ballplayers or Negro League ballplayers. This is a reflection of my limited knowledge, and the limited statistical information available.

BBWAA Hall of Fame 2nd basemen

Nap Lajoie (1900-10), Eddie Collins(1910-20), Rogers Hornsby(1920-30), Frankie Frisch, Charlie Gehringer(1930-40), Jackie Robinson(1950-60), Rod Carew(1960-70), Joe Morgan(1970-80).

Overall, that’s a pretty good list of the greatest second basemen of the period 1900-1980. The only name that seems out of place is Frankie Frisch. More on that later. What is especially noteworthy is that the list stops at 8, for a period of 80 years. In other words, the baseball writers have essentially chosen one second basemen per decade (with the exception of the 40s), and really they have done a pretty good job of it. The decades beside each entrant’s name represent the period that they could reasonably be said to have been the best in baseball.

Veterans’ Committee 2nd basemen

Johnny Evers, Billy Herman, Bobby Doerr, Red Schoendienst, Tony Lazzeri, Nellie Fox, Bill Mazeroski

Here’s where it gets sticky. These guys were all good, but most were not as good as some guys who are not in. As we shall see, when we compare stats.

The best 2nd basemen not in the Hall of Fame

We’ll skip Ryne Sandberg, who is eligible and may very well be elected in the next year or two.

Larry Doyle. Joe Gordon, Bobby Grich. Lou Whitaker. These guys were great ballplayers. Joe Gordon was easily the best second basemen of the 40s. Bobby Grich was the best second baseman in the majors after Morgan returned to earth and before Sandberg arrived on the scene. Laughing Larry Doyle was the best second baseman in the National League in the teens , but played in the shadow of Eddie Collins (as Grich played in Morgan’s shadow for much of his career). Lou Whitaker was the best second baseman in the American League in the 1980s.

With those names in mind, let’s move on to the chart of statistics:

BBWAA Hall of Fame selections

Player        G     AB     H     HR    W     BA     OBP   SLUG  OPS+

Lajoie        2480  9589   3242  83    516   .338  .380  .467   150  
Collins       2826  9949   3315  47    1499  .333  .424  .429   141
Hornsby       2259  8173   2930  301   1038  .358  .434  .577   175
Frisch        2311  9112   2880  105   1098  .316  .369  .432   111
Gehringer     2323  8860   2839  184   1186  .320  .404  .480   124
Jackie        1382  4877   1518  137   740   .311  .409  .474   132
Carew         2469  9315   3053  92    1018  .328  .393  .429   131
Morgan        2649  9277   2517  268   1865  .271  .392  .427   132

Veteran's Committee choices

Player        G     AB     H     HR    W     BA    OBP   SLUG   OPS+
Evers         1784  6137   1659  12    778   .270  .356  .334   106
Herman        1922  7707   2345  47    737   .304  .367  .407   112
Doerr         1865  7093   2042  223   809   .288  .362  .461   115
Schoendienst  2216  8479   2449  84    606   .289  .337  .387   93
Lazzeri       1740  6297   1840  178   869   .292  .380  .467   121
Fox           2367  9232   2663  35    719   .288  .348  .363   94
Maz           2163  7755   2016  138   447   .260  .299  .367   84

The Outsiders

Player        G     AB     H     HR    W     BA    OBP   SLUG   OPS+
Doyle        1766  6509   1887   74    625  .290   .357  .408   126
Gordon       1566  5707   1530   253   759  .268   .357  .468   120
Grich        2008  6890   1833   224   1087 .266   .371  .424   125
Whitaker     2390  8570   2369   244   1197 .276   .363  .426   117

The Contenders

Player        G     AB     H     HR    W     BA    OBP   SLUG   OPS+
Alomar (36)   2379  9073  2724   210  1032  .300  .371  .443    116
Kent (36)     1777  6604  1910   302  592   .289  .352  .505    125
Biggio (38)   2409  9221  2639   234  1060  .286  .373  .435    116

A word about defence

Statistics concerning 2nd base defence that are reliable and meaningful are hard to access. Historical defensive statistics are even more so. For that reason, I’ll simply rely on reputation, augmented by personal observation, to do a simple scale regarding the defence of the Hall members and the outsiders:

A+ Bill Mazeroski
A Bobby Grich, Joe Morgan, Nellie Fox, Eddie Collins, Johnny Evers
B+ Joe Gordon, Red Schoendienst, Nap Lajoie, Bobby Doerr, Frankie Frisch
B Lou Whitaker, Larry Doyle, Billy Herman, Charlie Gehringer
C+ Rogers Hornsby, Tony Lazzeri
C Rod Carew

There’s a fair degree of variation in evaluations of Hornsby and Carew. Some thought Hornsby to be very good, others that he was inadequate. I have chosen the middle ground. There seems to be little debate that Rod Carew’s pivot on the DP was inadequate, but he had fairly good range when he was young.

Several propositions from the statistics

Here are my observations on the statistics:

1. All of the BBWAA 2nd base selections had long careers except for Jackie who is an obvious special case.
2. The anomalous BBWAA selection of Frisch can be explained by his high hit total and his fame as a member of the Gashouse Gang.
3. None of the Veterans’ Committee choices were manifestly unqualified, but all of the outsiders (Doyle, Gordon, Grich and Whitaker) were better ballplayers. In fairness, not enough time may have elapsed for the Veterans’ Committee to address the Grich and Whitaker cases. It is also true that Doyle and Grich (and Whitaker) had very little support among the BBWAA, and encountered a similar reaction at the Veterans' Committee. Gordon had substantial support among the writers, and has a substantial following among the veterans.
4. However, none of the outsiders would really fit in among the BBWAA selections (with the exception of Frisch) due to either short careers (Doyle, Gordon and Grich) or lesser performance (Whitaker).


One can hope that the Veterans’ Committee will look again at the Doyle and Gordon cases soon, athough Doyle had no support and Gordon limited support in the last Veterans' Committee recorded vote. Doyle's case in particular is very strong. In the fullness of time, the Committee could then turn their attention to Grich and Whitaker

In Part 2, we take a closer look at the contenders, and ask the question: who was the best second baseman of the 90s? We’ll see how they did in 2004, and give opinions on whether they should be in the Hall, and whether they will.